Texas Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Practice Exam

Prolonged bed rest can lead to several negative health effects, among which pressure ulcers and decreased lung function are significant concerns. When an individual remains in the same position for an extended period, it puts continuous pressure on specific areas of the skin, particularly over bony prominences. This pressure can restrict blood flow to those areas, resulting in pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, which are painful and can lead to serious infections if not properly managed.

Additionally, extended bed rest can adversely affect respiratory function. When a person is immobile for too long, it can lead to shallow breathing, reduced lung expansion, and decreased ability to clear secretions. This can increase the risk of respiratory complications, such as pneumonia and decreased oxygenation of the blood.

In contrast, the other options suggest positive outcomes, which are not associated with prolonged bed rest. Improved muscle strength, enhanced mobility, and increased energy levels typically result from physical activity and movement, not from a lack of it. Therefore, the most relevant and accurate depiction of the negative effects of prolonged bed rest is indeed the occurrence of pressure ulcers and decreased lung function.